An aortocaval fistula is a rare complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm that requires immediate surgical repair. Doctors can choose to treat it with either open or endovascular surgery. An ...

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare malignant tumour originating from the smooth muscle cells of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Characterised by an insidious onset and ...