Let’s talk about two of the main classifications of plant diseases — biotic and abiotic — and the differences between them. The term “abiotic” means “without life.” Examples include damage from the ...

Forests cover about 30% of the world’s land area and play a crucial role in absorbing and releasing carbon. A key part of this process is soil respiration, which is the release of CO 2 from soil as ...

1. Woody plant encroachment in grasslands is a world-wide concern. Assertions that abiotic stress reduction facilitates encroachment are not universally supported. To devise restoration and management ...