Duplex stainless steels are typically known to have a dualphase microstructure that contains both ferrite and austenite grains. This so-called microstructure offers a uniquely beneficial combination ...

TRIP steels have a microstructure consisting of at least five volume percent of retained austenite, which is embedded in a primary ferrite matrix. The microstructure also contains hard phases like ...

Retained austenite plays a crucial role in determining the hardness, toughness, and strength of martensitic steel alloys. The quenching of these alloys forms a hard martensitic phase, but incomplete ...