Modern society is definitely more mobile than it was several decades ago. Accompanying the increased mobility is a corresponding craving for greater quantities of information. The increased demand has ...

Frequency modulation spectroscopy is a nondestructive technology for determining the water activity of pharmaceutical samples. This article discusses the various pharmaceutical applications of ...

Modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) has emerged as a pivotal technique in modern atomic physics and optical metrology. By utilising the nonlinear interaction between a modulated pump beam and an ...

Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

Doing more with less in electronics often means improving power density. One of the new areas garnering attention involves applying a variety of advanced modulation techniques, including PWM and space ...

The Internet explosion caused a surge in demand for new telecommunication services. The next wave of demand will come from new applications like third-generation (3G) high-speed personal ...