Figure 1: Along-axis seismicity of ultraslow-spreading ridges. (1) Earthquakes reach maximum depths of 35 km below the sea floor in areas with peridotite exposure, surpassing by far the deepest known ...

Table 1 Shortening data, T e estimates, age of collision and age of foreland lithosphere. Full size table The distribution of shortening estimated for mountain ranges that have reached a steady-state ...

For the last decade, metamorphic geologist Tim Johnson at Curtin University in Australia has pondered the first billion years of Earth’s roughly 4.5 billion-year existence. His work takes him to the ...