Retained austenite plays a crucial role in determining the hardness, toughness, and strength of martensitic steel alloys. The quenching of these alloys forms a hard martensitic phase, but incomplete ...

The component elements in steel can be categorised in terms of their crystal structures. At least a basic knowledge of the practical implications of these crystal arrangements is essential to ...

The quantity of martensite formed in a carbon steel depends upon its carbon content and the lowest temperature to which the material is taken. The micrographs below show the effect of lowest ...

When materials are joined by a welding process they are locally melted, re-solidify, and cool down to room temperature. The joining of two steel plates (pearlite) by welding is shown in the top ...