S1 and S2 are the normal heart sounds you hear when the heart valves close. Heart murmurs are extra sounds that can be heard during systole, diastole, or as a continuous sound. S3 and S4 are abnormal ...

Heart sounds are produced from a specific cardiac event such as closure of a valve or tensing of a chordae tendineae. Many pathologic cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation of the heart ...

IT IS possible that the existence of the heart sounds was known to Hippocrates 1 and even that he made use of his knowledge for diagnostic purposes, but William Harvey 2 seems to have been the first ...

Graphical diagnostics: Signals from a normal aortic valve (left) show two separated sounds while those from a defective aortic valve (right) display diamond-shaped murmurs. The sound data were used to ...