Douglas A. Howard stresses the crucial role of the Ottoman sultans and their extended household, discusses the evolution of the empire's fiscal model, and analyzes favorite works of Ottoman literature ...

Inside All About History 118: Discover how the great sultans built a lasting dynasty that challenged the powers of medieval Europe. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an ...

Democracy and individual nation states is but a recent phenomenon as most of the world's recorded history has been dominated ...

Population surveillance. The carrying of identification while traveling. Add to that the public presence of diverse religions and it sounds like 2025, but this was life in the Ottoman Empire 200 years ...

Andrea Duffy does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...