This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Genetic potential for evolutionary change and covariational constraints are typically summarized as the genetic variance-covariance matrix G, ...

Intuition suggests that altering the covariance structure of a parametric model for repeated-measures data alters the variances of the model's estimated mean parameters. The purpose of this article is ...

The distribution of genetic variation among multiple traits is a key determinant of how a population will respond to selection (Lande, 1979; Schluter, 1996; Arnold et al., 2001). For the prediction of ...

You can use covariance and contravariance to provide polymorphic extension to delegates, arrays, and generics in C#. Here’s how. The C# programming language provides support for variance in two ways: ...

The size of an organism at any point during ontogeny often has fitness consequences through either direct selection on size or through selection on size-related morphological, performance, or life ...