How does the host sense pathogens? Our present concepts grew directly from longstanding efforts to understand infectious disease: how microbes harm the host, what molecules are sensed and, ultimately, ...

Endotoxin refers to a component of the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is the biologically active portion of naturally occurring endotoxin complexes.

Similar to humans and animals, plants possess an innate immune system that protects them from invading pathogens. Molecular structures that only occur in pathogens enable their recognition and trigger ...

Escherichia coli is widely considered the most cost-effective bacterial system for recombinant protein expression. Consequently, it is broadly used. Nonetheless, it has its limitations as an ...

Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, Supplement 1. International Symposium on Toxic Shock Syndrome (Jan. - Feb., 1989), pp. S289-S293 (5 pages) The purpose of this study was to determine whether ...

Pharmaceutical Technology® spoke with Nicola Reid, Associate Director Product Management, Endotoxin Products at Charles River Laboratories, to get her perspective on endotoxin testing and USP’s new ...

In early life, the innate immune system can recognize both viable and nonviable parts of microorganisms. Immune activation may direct the immune response, thus conferring tolerance to allergens such ...

Understanding of endotoxin assays and a range of detection technologies are essential for effective testing. Recent industry data indicating that biological formulations containing polysorbate and a ...

Virissa Lenters, Ioannis Basinas, Laura Beane-Freeman, Paolo Boffetta, Harvey Checkoway, David Coggon, Lützen Portengen, Malcolm Sim, Inge M. Wouters, Dick Heederik and Roel Vermeulen Objective To ...

A new range of animal-free and endotoxin-free growth factors and cytokines, tailored to stem cell research, has been launched by AMSBIO - a leading supplier of recombinant proteins. The success of ...