Thermal fluids will inevitably degrade over time when continually exposed to high temperatures, and the ability of thermal fluids to effectively transfer heat will diminish. Typically, the adverse ...

Oxidation, which occurs when hot thermal fluid meets air and produces acids, is responsible for over 95 % of thermal fluid replacement recommendations. Acids formed by oxidation build up over time and ...

Zero-thermal-expansion (ZTE) materials are widely used in precision optics, cryogenic equipment and sensors, where even small ...

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering constitute interrelated disciplines that underpin much of modern engineering, advancing our capacity to predict, control, and optimise the behaviour of fluids ...

In both residential and commercial buildings, heating and cooling cycles can take a toll on piping systems. When pipes expand due to heat and contract when they cool, they stress joints, supports, and ...