The main component in cayenne pepper, capsaicin, reduces neuroinflammation primarily by inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways and activating antioxidant responses. Research has also focused on its interaction with the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and its effects on the gut-brain axis, though some of these mechanisms require further study. • Inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways NF-κB inhibition: Capsaicin significantly reduces neuroinflammation by suppressing the nucle